Highest, driest, coldest, and windiest place on Earth

11/12/2016

We have been in the field for just over a week. We were super lucky that the Basler landed on a sunny and calm day. We had about two days of calm before the winds started. They have yet to stop. We took one day off because the winds were blowing snow at a steady 40 knots all day. Today I caught up on typing field notes, downloading GPS points, and bagging and boxing samples.

An average day involves waking up to boil water, putting on all my layers for a 30-60 minute skidoo ride to an outcrop of interest, spending the day hiking up snowy and ice-covered scree slopes, and freezing my fingers while writing down notes and taking GPS points. Then there is the skidoo ride back to camp, cooking supper, drying frozen gear by the heater, crawling into a -40 degree down bag for bed. Then the whole process begins again the next day. Humans are creatures of habit, so it seems like a perfectly normal regime by now.

The strangest part has been the constant daylight. I will wake up early, my eye mask having fallen off, and think the day is started. The clock will then reveal 3:00AM as my frosty breath steams out of the tiny breathing hole in my down sleeping bag. I go to sleep with hot water bottles each night, listening to the gusts of wind knock the guy lines and loose items around camp. Every structure of camp is within 20 feet of everything else. The sounds are slowly becoming normal, but I still get a strange feeling by the lack of other life. I will hear rustling outside my tent, and my first instinct is to think some mischievous creature lurking about for food scraps. Instead it is the creaking of the thick blue ice beneath our camp or the rustling of cold fabric. Yesterday we saw old skidoo tracks in the moraine field heading out to Milan Ridge, then there were wind-torn and forgotten flag posts up on the edge of the plateau, and a lone metal pole hammered down into the blue ice as we returned across the moraine field. Adding to the desolation, there was the tiniest patch of lichen on some rocks. With all the layers I am constantly putting on and taking off, I feel like an astronaut on a deserted planet. The deserted planet of Antarctica.

The weather is fierce

11/10/2016

I have not been keeping a journal. My apologies. I am going to go with it being due to the cold and wind that seem to control much of my routine each day.

Yesterday we stayed at camp. The winds are blowing hard. There was steady at mid-30 knot wind speeds with gusts up to 40 knots. For those who do not know. A knot is a unit of speed common to boat travel (and for some reason Antarctic weather forecasting) equal to one nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour, or approximately 1.151 miles per hour. At McMurdo, there are three weather conditions, and the only only that allows foot travel is Condition III. This is the safest weather, whereas Conditions II and I require special permission for protected transport or no transport at all (respectively). The definition of Condition III weather is: visibility greater than a 1/4 mile, air temperature and wind chill above -75 degrees Fahrenheit, and wind speeds less than 48 knots (that is 55 mph). To reiterate, this describes “good” weather. Ha! For today, you can think of us driving around skidoos in 35+ mph winds. Not that fun, but also not beyond the danger level. For those not very experienced in windy weather, let me give you some perspective. Hurricanes must have maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph (>64 knots). A tropical storm  has winds in the 39-73 mph range (34-63 knots), and a tropical depression has wind speeds less than 38 mph (<33 knots). Hurricanes (northern hemisphere storms) are ranked using the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, ranging from category one through five for winds speeds starting at 74 mph (64 knots) and the last category denoting winds greater than 157 mph (137 knots). Tornadoes use the Enhanced Fujita scale, ranking tornado intensity. The lowest damage category ranges from 65-85 mph (56-74 knots) and the highest category denotes wind speeds greater than 200 mph (174 knots).

Today the winds are still blowing powerfully at low 30 knot speeds, but we went out anyways. It was fairly miserable, but science cannot be stopped. And we cannot really afford to let some wind prevent us from utilizing this time to finish the field work. Two days ago I woke up early to start going through the samples to bag and box them up in the wooden rock boxes for travel back to Santa Barbara. After these two days of blowing snow, the samples are all buried. Hopefully we can find them all. Fortunately I set them out numerically in rows, so it shouldn’t be too difficult to figure out. The toilet tent has been reduced to violently flapping tethers of shredded tent material. The wind very effectively destroyed that tent with little effort. Hopefully the winds stop soon. The number of camp chores are growing and none will be fun with this wind. To top it off, on the return ride to camp, Demian’s and my bags fell off the sled. John found them back at the south side of the moraine arm we cross heading north away from Ascent Glacier.

Miller Range

11/4/2016

This morning we loaded into a Basler BT-67 (Turbine DC-3) aircraft and flew to Miller Range. Our official camp name is Ascent Glacier. We have made it. From now on we will travel by skidoo. We will try to access as many outcrops as possible in pursuit of lamprophyre.

We had beautiful weather for camp put-in. Calm, blue sunny sky, and relatively warm temperatures. They taxied right to where we threw out our gear and starting setting up camp. I almost thought the flight team were about to stick around and watch us dig tent plots. But off they went and on we continued to build camp.

Tomorrow we will head out to begin our rock hunt.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Trained up and headed for a glacier

Field work in Antarctica is different than other types of field work. The day-to-day will be focused around finding as many outcrops as possible to hammer and chisel off rocks. That is mostly true of any geology field work. The kicker is that one does not simply just go to the field in Antarctica. Beyond the logistics, costs, and getting to the continent, there are numerous pre-field trainings. These trainings range from understanding the rules of the Antarctic Conservation Act to extreme cold weather awareness, from camping on snow to glacier travel and crevasse rescue training, and from lab facility safety to snow machine training and repair instruction. We will be a team of three in the deep field. This means we are responsible for our own gear and mechanical troubleshooting, rock carrying, and camp maintenance. These trainings and preparations have kept us busy the past two weeks.

But all work and no play would make for an incredibly dull time while stuck in McMurdo before the science happens. So I have found some time to explore the variety of activities available at McMurdo. I went to a science talk on the sea spiders found by dive teams off the coast at McMurdo (living creature below). I joined a few new friends to climb down Obs Tube, a viewing tube about 15 feet below the sea ice. I even saw a seal! Demian and I went on a few runs to check out the views. First we ran up Observation Hill, which overlooks McMurdo Station. On a less than favorable windchill day, we ran to Discovery Hut (built by Robert Falcon Scott on the 1901-1904 Discovery Expedition) and then continued up the coast ridge for great views of where the sea ice has cracked up around the point. There was a big Halloween gathering with a costume contest and dance party. Late that night, I caught a rare view of the sun at the horizon. Summertime here means 24-hour daylight. On a blistery and miserable day, I joined two McMurdo “locals” on their day off to cross-country ski the loop to Castle Rock. The wind was so brutal that it blew all the snow off the trail and we were being pushed all over blue ice. We made a slow scurry up the first two miles where a red hut awaited to provide shelter. We realized how miserable a continued effort would be, so we turned back. But we still prevailed in defying the hard winds from ruining the one day off everyone gets each week.

John, Demian, and I had a three day combined training for glacier travel, crevasse rescue, snow camping, and basic winter skills. Ascending a rope using only Prusik knots is a feat. We loaded up into a massive Delta, headed out to the ice shelf, where we spent a whole day setting up a camp that we then tore down the next day. It was a lot of work to simply sleep out in the cold. The next day we packed up and headed to a crevasse simulator to practice skills with ice axe use, ascending a rope while in full winter gear (using both Prusik knots and ascenders), self- and team-arrest, setting snow anchors, best crampon practices, and 3-person crevasse rescue. The best part was when we simulated John falling into a crevasse (i.e., he jumped off the snow ledge), and Demian and I had to arrest his fall, rig up a pulley system to tow him out, and then actually pull him out of the crevasse. It was pretty awesome! Tonight I went over to New Zealand’s Scott Base. Thursday night is American Night, where McMurdo people are allowed to visit the base (Their gift shop is by far superior in the souvenir department!).

Now we should be all ready to get out to the field. We leave first thing in the morning. So this very well may be my last post for a bit.

Below are several photos from these trainings and adventures.

We have landed

The last several days have felt much longer than a week. A lot has happened. I packed my bags and then made the long haul to Christchurch, New Zealand. There I was issued my ECW (Extreme Cold Weather) gear at the CDC (Clothing Distribution Center) before the final deployment by the US Antarctic Program. If you are heading to McMurdo from the U.S., then you traveled the same path as everyone else. Your flight agenda took you from Los Angeles, CA, to Auckland, New Zealand, to Christchurch, New Zealand, to McMurdo Station, Antarctica. We left the 16th from Santa Barbara and arrived to McMurdo on the 20th for an arrival briefing at the Chalet. We are officially here.

Antarctica is one of the coldest and most remote places, and it is incredible to be here. I snapped a few in-flight photos of my first views of this beautiful continent. Our flight path took us across northern Victoria Land, the region of my current research focused on the petrochronology and geochemistry of Ross Orogen magmatism. Right away you can see how challenging this environment is for field studies, with the majority of all surface area covered in snow and ice. We were lucky enough to make the four-hour flight via Boeing 757 operated by the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Christchurch to McMurdo is approximately 4,000 kilometers. That is a similar distance to the entire length of the Transantarctic Mountains.

Since arriving, my days have been full of safety trainings, briefings for all field equipment and operations, and triple checking of our RSP (Research Support Plan). The RSP includes every aspect of logistics for our field season, from air support to scientific services to equipment and food allocations. It is incredible to know that there is an entire base at McMurdo to enable the research that will come from our sample collection. Each year NSF funds approximately 50 scientific projects on Antarctica. These highly collaborative projects are tasked to expand the fundamental knowledge of the region as well as undertake projects reliant on unique characteristics specific to the Antarctic continent. From my brief observations, this translates to an incredibly organized community of highly intelligent and motivated individuals ranging across both the staff and research grantees. This is truly an incredibly opportunity that I am fortunate to be a part of.

Antarctica360.net – UCSB Geologists on ice

Antarctica, the time is now

This is late in coming, but something I am checking off my To Do list all the same. In 48 hours I will depart for Antarctica. That sentence alone sums up the crazed state of my last few weeks. I finished the Pacific Crest Trail, survived my Ph.D. program’s comprehensive exams to remain in graduate school, and now I depart for field work in Antarctica. I have had many awesome experiences in my lifetime, but this one is truly special. On October 20th, 2016, I will depart from Christchurch, New Zealand, and arrive at McMurdo Station, a research center on the south tip of the Ross Island at the edge of the ice shelf. I will be accompanied by my advisor, Dr. John Cottle (you can check out his research here: LINK), and my fellow lab mate, Demian Nelson (you can check out his research here: LINK). You can follow our adventures at antarctica360.net. I will try to also post updates here, but likely they will mirror the ones posted to the research blog.

We will spend a short time at McMurdo and then will be in the field for approximately six to eight weeks, all but cut off from the living world. We will have a satellite phone to create a hot spot to send out messages, but there will not be any incoming calls or internet. More serious than that will be that this is my first experience with no gray water for a prolonged period of time. Everything is brought in, and everything is packed out. That means no laundry, no showers, no face rinsing, collecting all urine in a bottle and all feces in a bucket. Nothing is dumped on the ground.

The logistics go beyond this though. We are targeting two main areas to collect rock samples, and both are within 7 degrees of the South Pole. This means that I will not be at a station, but camping on ice. My mode of travel will be on foot and by skidoo. Our mission will be to collect rock samples from the exposed Transantarctic Mountains. As amazing and exciting as this trip will be, safety will also be an important aspect. With average temperatures between -30 and -40 degrees Celsius (this is summer time!), deep, hidden crevasses littering the glacier covered terrain, and high potential for rapid, extreme weather changes, life threatening dangers will be everywhere.

But that is what lures me to this field work. During undergrad, I spent a month in northern Minnesota tracking wolves. That was my first experience with winter survival. Not to mention that I lived in Iowa, so tree-snapping ice storms are the norm. I haven’t turned back since. Two winters in Colorado resulted in about 80 total ski days and numerous winter excursions. I also completed the AIARE 1 for decision making in backcountry avalanche terrain. Had I not moved to California, I would have spent last winter knee-deep in snow pursuing my interest in backcountry skiing. I will not claim some expertise for an Antarctic adventure, but I do know that I am beyond excited and ready for whatever comes my way.

Stay tuned and I will try to create an agenda so you know what to expect on this adventure of a lifetime!